Personal Protection Research Articles

Impact of pesticide use on farmers health condition: case control design

With global populations growing, it is becoming increasingly impossible to ignore food and energy demands. Livestock and agricultural activities produce a large quantity of food. Though the use of agrochemicals has increased agricultural output, they have also been linked to a number of harmful clear adverse effects on human. chemical Pesticides poisonous compounds that negative effect on consumers. the study conducted a case-control was carried out to investigate variations among intact groups on an independent variable of interest. A random sampling approach was employed for 201 farmers. 098Farmers in the research group were exposed to pesticides, whereas farmers in the control group did not apply pesticides. The data were gathered using a survey (PHQ-15)-based on interviews conducted by the investigator. The current study was carried out in five districts (Al-Mashkhab, Al-Abbasiya, Al-hrea, Al-hera, and Al-qadisya). According to the study findings, total farmers' reactions to general physical condition among study group participants are substantially influenced, however, participant of control group show not effected. The negative health effect for farmers spray and exposed to pesticides shows nausea or vomiting, blurred vision, headache, bronchial sensitivity, skin irritation, and shortness of breath eye irritation. the current survey show the Insecticides are the most often used chemicals. The research indicated that pesticide use and exposure have an influence on human health and have a wide range of adverse health effects. According to the findings of the current study, it is critical to use personal protection equipment (PPE) while spraying. Also, undertake a comprehensive exam on farmers on a regular basis.

Knowledge of Infection Prevention and Control and Practice Behaviors among Career and Volunteer Firefighters in Rural Communities

Due to the emerging threat conditions in the work environment, firefighters are at a high risk of exposure to not only toxic substances but also biological agents in the dayroom and during emergency runs. The aim of this study is to evaluate firefighter (career and volunteer) knowledge and practice behaviors on infection control. This study surveyed 444 firefighters (210 career, 234 volunteer) in rural Northwestern Kentucky. The self-reported survey focused on individual characteristics, knowledge on exposure incident control, precautionary actions, and personal protections. We evaluated the descriptive characteristics of knowledge and practice scores stratified by firefighter groups (career and volunteers). The associations between infection control training received (yes/no) and firefighter knowledge and practice scores were also examined. Firefighters who were trained on infection control prevention had significantly higher knowledge scores (M = 63.7, SD = 13.4 vs. M = 59.7, SD = 15.9; p = 0.012). Volunteer firefighters exhibited better infection control practice behaviors than career firefighters (M = 70.6, SD = 13.0 vs. M = 67.4, SD = 11.1; p = 0.05). Firefighters who followed infection control guidelines (M = 69.5, SD = 11.9 vs. M = 58.1, SD = 9.9; p = 0.012) and expressed need for a comprehensive training on personal protective equipment (PPE) selection (β = 3.41, SE = 1.54, aOR = 30.22, 95% CI: 1.47–620.87; p = 0.028) had significantly higher practice scores compared to those who did not. The study results have policy implications for infection prevention and control (IPC) in rural fire departments, both career and volunteer. A review of infection control policies is needed, especially as it relates to training and practice behaviors during emergency calls and in the dayroom. Results also suggest the need to develop strategies to improve the culture of PPE use and training on the selection of PPEs appropriate to the emergency response type.

Optimization of Consumer Protection and Increase of Virtual Currency Trading in Indonesia: A Study on Financial Services Authority Regulation

This study aims to normatively analyze OJK Regulation Number 3 of 2024, focusing on consumer protection in the context of the increasing trade in virtual currency in Indonesia. This study uses a normative legal research method. The collected legal material is then qualitatively analyzed to describe the problem and answer the study objectives. The results show that OJK Regulation Number 3 of 2024 is crucial in optimizing consumer protection and increasing virtual currency trading in Indonesia. Through the general provisions in OJK Regulation Number 3 of 2024, which cover consumer protection and the sandbox mechanism, the regulation supports responsible testing and development of FinTech innovations. The practical implementation of OJK Regulation Number 3 of 2024, emphasizing personal data protection and transparency, adds a layer of consumer protection. Overall, OJK Regulation Number 3 of 2024 creates an environment conducive to safe and regulated virtual currency trading, enhancing investor and consumer confidence in the Indonesian FinTech ecosystem. Therefore, it is recommended that the government and OJK, FinTech innovators and virtual currency traders, as well as consumers and investors, take strategic steps to enhance consumer protection and optimize virtual currency trading in Indonesia. The Government and OJK need to ensure the effective implementation of OJK Regulation Number 3 of 2024 through widespread socialization, strict supervision, and firm law enforcement against violations. FinTech innovators and virtual currency traders should develop robust risk management systems, enhance operational transparency, and ensure compliance with personal data protection provisions. Consumers and investors are advised to improve their digital financial literacy, critically assess investment risks, and interact only with platforms and service providers that have been verified and comply with OJK regulations. The collaboration between regulators, the industry, and the community will create a safer, more transparent, and sustainable virtual currency trading ecosystem, supporting the growth of the FinTech sector in Indonesia while minimizing potential risks for consumers and investors.

A person’s right to be forgotten

The article examines in detail the concept of “a person’s right to be forgotten” as an important aspect of a natural person’s right to information about himself, which allows a person to demand the removal or destruction of his personal information. The question is also devoted to the main aspects of the history and development of the “right to be forgotten” concept.
 The author states that a significant contribution to the regulation of the right to be forgotten within the framework of the legislation on personal data protection was made by the European Union. After all, EU Regulation 2016/679 defines the conditions for obtaining this right, the conditions for fulfilling requests to delete information about yourself, and the circumstances under which this right may be limited. However, this Regulation does not take into account the entire amount of personal information, which complicates the process of realizing the human right to be forgotten.
 It has been determined that different countries develop their own approaches to the right to be forgotten. It was found that the current legislation of Ukraine provides for two stages of “forgetting”: a court decision and filing a complaint for violation of the terms of consent to the processing and storage of personal data.
 At the same time, the decision of the European Court, which became key in the world judicial practice regarding the human right to be forgotten, was considered. In addition, the balance between the right to be forgotten and freedom of information is described. The public interest and ethical aspects in the context of the right to be forgotten are studied. The need for transparency and a balanced approach to the researched law is substantiated.
 The technical aspects of the human right to be forgotten and the challenges they generate are also described. The complexity of technical data deletion and the challenges of data caching and indexing have been studied. The general aspects of ensuring the security and protection of data during deletion are identified, as well as the impact of artificial intelligence and automation on the human right to be forgotten.

A comparative analysis: health data protection laws in Malaysia, Saudi Arabia and EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)

Purpose General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) of the European Union (EU) was passed to protect data privacy. Though the GDPR intended to address issues related to data privacy in the EU, it created an extra-territorial effect through Articles 3, 45 and 46. Extra-territorial effect refers to the application or the effect of local laws and regulations in another country. Lawmakers around the globe passed or intensified their efforts to pass laws to have personal data privacy covered so that they meet the adequacy requirement under Articles 45–46 of GDPR while providing comprehensive legislation locally. This study aims to analyze the Malaysian and Saudi Arabian legislation on health data privacy and their adequacy in meeting GDPR data privacy protection requirements. Design/methodology/approach The research used a systematic literature review, legal content analysis and comparative analysis to critically analyze the health data protection in Malaysia and Saudi Arabia in comparison with GDPR and to see the adequacy of health data protection that could meet the requirement of EU data transfer requirement. Findings The finding suggested that the private sector is better regulated in Malaysia than the public sector. Saudi Arabia has some general laws to cover health data privacy in both public and private sector organizations until the newly passed data protection law is implemented in 2024. The finding also suggested that the Personal Data Protection Act 2010 of Malaysia and the Personal Data Protection Law 2022 of Saudi Arabia could be considered “adequate” under GDPR. Originality/value The research would be able to identify the key principles that could identify the adequacy of the laws about health data in Malaysia and Saudi Arabia as there is a dearth of literature in this area. This will help to propose suggestions to improve the laws concerning health data protection so that various stakeholders can benefit from it.

A Comprehensive Review on Scrub Typhus: Epidemiology, Transmission, Diagnosis and Management

Scrub typhus is a serious public health risk in areas where it is endemic. It is brought on by the bacterium Orientia tsutsugamushi and is spread via the bite of infected chiggers. The epidemiology, clinical symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of scrub typhus are summarized in this overview, along with recent developments. The disease is most common in rural sections of Asia, the Pacific Islands, and portions of Australia, where chigger populations are encouraged by favorable environmental conditions. The clinical signs of chigger bites can range in severity from mild to severe, presenting with symptoms like fever, headaches, and the distinctive Escher at the bite site. Severe cases may result in consequences such as acute respiratory distress syndrome and organ failure, which                 call for prompt identification and treatment. Molecular techniques and serological testing are used as diagnostic tools. Molecular assays are a quick and reliable way to identify Orientia tsutsugamushi. Antibiotics are the cornerstone of treatment, and doxycycline is the drug of choice. Treatment must be started as soon as possible to avoid problems and enhance results. The importance of public health interventions, such as vector control and health education, is highlighted by issues like antibiotic resistance and restricted access to treatment in rural areas. Personal protection is the main focus of preventive measures, which include donning proper attire and applying insect repellents. Managing the environment and involving the community are important strategies for lowering chigger populations. Additional research is being done to create effective scrub typhus vaccines, even if there isn't one that is now generally authorized.

Discrimination of persons with mental illness: testing the principles for the protection of persons with mental illness and the improvement of mental health care in Indonesia

Background Discriminatory acts against individual freedom rights in the context of human rights and dignity in Indonesia have been in the international spotlight due to human rights violations for years. Although the condition of individuals with mental disorders in Indonesia is quite worrying when viewed from the context of human rights; however, some basic mental health services are not available in most parts of the country. Methods This qualitative research uses secondary data such as health literature, social scientific, and national legal studies. The thematic analysis in this study concentrates on answering different research questions. However, this study encountered limited scope on two grounds; the first focuses on whether the National Mental Health Act (MHA) meets the basics set by the principles of CRPD. The second was the impact of other different rights on people with mental disorders. Results The results of this study on the number of cases of shackles and the differences between International Mental Health standards and the Indonesian Mental Health Act are also presented. A total of 23 studies have been used to determine the result from the analysis. It has been observed that adequate knowledge and awareness of people about mental retardation and health issues guide to the poor attitude as well as treatment of them. As per the report of Human Rights Watch in 2019, approximately 57,000 individuals with mental illness have been humiliated once in their overall lifetime in Indonesia. Conclusions The tradition of shackles (pasung) has resulted in ongoing suffering due to ineffective actions that violate human freedom and are contrary to human values. The Indonesian government should provide proper facilities for individuals with mental disorders to protect and cure them the people who have mental disorders and structure its laws more strongly.

Modern approaches to ensuring health protection of persons with disabilities based on interdepartmental interaction

The article provides an overview of the basic principles, approaches and activities in the field of ensuring the health of people with disabilities. An analysis of the global experience of the United Nations on this topic, modern legal regulation in the Russian Federation devoted to the issues of ensuring the rights of people with disabilities in the field of health care, including the formation and implementation of individual rehabilitation or habilitation programs for people with disabilities (disabled children), including medical rehabilitation, based on broad intersectoral and interdepartmental interaction, was carried out. The main aspects and scope of disability as a human rights and public health problem are analyzed, as well as the approaches, principles, objectives and action plans supported by the Russian Federation aimed at ensuring inclusive healthcare systems for people with disabilities and improving the level of health and well-being of people with disabilities at all ages and in all contexts

Sex-structured disease transmission model and control mechanisms for visceral leishmaniasis (VL).

Leishmaniasis are a group of diseases caused by more than 20 species of the protozoan that are transmitted through the bite of female sand fly. The disease is endemic to 98 countries of the world. It affects most commonly the poorest of the poor and mainly males. Several research has been conducted to propose disease control strategies. Effective medical care, vector control, environmental hygiene, and personal protection are the mainstays of the current preventative and control methods. The mathematical models for the transmission dynamics of the disease studied so far did not consider the sex-biased burden of the disease into consideration. Unlike the previous VL works, this study introduces a new deterministic sex-structured model for understanding the transmission dynamics of visceral leishmaniasis. Basic properties of the model including basic reproduction number ([Formula: see text]), and conditions for the existence of backward bifurcation of the model are explored. Baseline parameter values were estimated after the model was fitted to Ethiopia's VL data. Sensitivity analysis of the model was performed to identify the parameters that significantly impact the disease threshold. Numerical simulations were performed using baseline parameter values, and scenario analysis is performed by changing some of these parameters as appropriate. The analysis of the model shows that there is a possibility for a backward bifurcation for [Formula: see text], which means bringing [Formula: see text] to less than unity may not be enough to eradicate the disease. Our numerical result shows that the implementation of disease-preventive strategies, as well as effectively treating the affected ones can significantly reduce the disease prevalence if applied for more proportion of the male population. Furthermore, the implementation of vector management strategies also can considerably reduce the total prevalence of the disease. However, it is demonstrated that putting more effort in treating affected reservoir animals may not have any significant effect on the overall prevalence of the disease as compared to other possible mechanisms. The numerical simulation infers that a maximum of 60% of extra preventative measures targeted to only male population considerably reduces the total prevalence of VL by 80%. It is also possible to decrease the total prevalence of VL by 69.51% when up to 50% additional infected males receive treatment with full efficacy. Moreover, applying a maximum of 15% additional effort to reduce the number of vectors, decreases the total VL prevalence by 57.71%. Therefore, in order to reduce the disease burden of visceral leishmaniasis, public health officials and concerned stakeholders need to give more emphasis to the proportion of male humans in their intervention strategies.

Moral obligation, autonomous motivation and vaccine hesitancy: Highlighting moral obligation increases reactance in hesitant individuals.

Vaccine hesitancy is widespread, and developing effective communication strategies that encourage hesitant individuals to choose vaccination is essential. This pre-registered research aimed to examine associations among moral obligation, autonomous motivation, vaccination intentions and reactance, and to test messages highlighting moral obligation and autonomy support. In Study 1, participants who had not received a Covid-19 vaccine (N = 1036) completed measures of autonomous motivation, moral obligation, reactance, intentions to vaccinate and vaccine hesitancy. Autonomous motivation and moral obligation emerged as strong independent predictors of lower reactance, lower hesitancy and greater vaccination intentions. In Study 2 (N = 429), the participants received a vaccination-promoting message that highlighted moral obligation versus personal protection and used autonomy supportive versus controlling language. Messages with autonomy-supportive language and highlighting personal protection elicited lower reactance and greater perceived legitimacy compared to messages with controlling language and highlighting moral obligation. All messages elicited greater reactance and lower perceived legitimacy compared to an information-only message, and there were no effects of message type on vaccination intentions or vaccine hesitancy. The research has implications for the design of communications encouraging vaccination in hesitant individuals and suggests caution should be taken when developing messages to encourage vaccination in hesitant individuals.

Feasibility analysis of inactivating influenza A(H1N1) virus using UVC robot in classroom environment

BackgroundStarting from 2009, H1N1 has been one of the respiratory diseases that afflict the global population. Concurrently, due to the influence of COVID-19, it has become widely accepted that preventing the virus's spread necessitates personal protection measures and disinfection in public spaces. ExperimentsThis study conducted two experiments. In the classroom experiment, six UVC dose test points were calibrated to test whether the UVC dose at each testing point met the standards for inactivating IAVs and the time required to meet the standards. In the simulated classroom experiment, seven square slides made of IAVs were placed. After 10minutes of robot movement, irradiated sterile square slides were made into suspension and injected into chicken embryos. Cultivate chicken embryos and conduct IAVs testing. ResultsClassroom experiment has shown that 5 testing points can meet the standards for inactivating IAVs(3mJ/cm2), with a required time of 80minutes, 40minutes, 15minutes, 5minutes and 10minutes. The UVC dose for testing points that do not meet the standards in 80minutes is only 0.5mJ/cm2. The simulation classroom experiment outcomes revealed that 99.99% of IAVs were deactivated. Furthermore, this study established both a desktop control group and a chair arm control group, both of which yielded identical results, indicating an inactivation logarithm of IAVs≥4log. ConclusionThe study presented that IAVs on the surface of an object can be effectively and rapidly deactivated at an irradiation density of 1.8mW/cm2. Meanwhile, the study provides evidence of the feasibility of using the GXU robot to inactivate IAV in a classroom environment.

The employee and their social security in flexible forms of employment on the example of Poland – selected issues. Part I

The regulation of employment and social policy – with safe and secure conditions of employment in terms of remuneration, safe employment conditions, protection in the event of dismissal, social dialogue, personal data protection, work-life balance, and finally a healthy, safe and well-adjusted work environment – constitutes the foundations of decent working conditions. At the same time, the task of a democratic state is to adjust the dynamically changing economic and market realities to ensure the maximum level of protection in the areas mentioned above relevant to each employee. This situation is also due to the radically progressing digitization that is changing the challenges of the modern labour market. In this article, the author endeavours to address the social security issue of selected flexible (atypical) forms of employment, including employee and non-employee forms of employment. The author chose fixed-term contracts and employment on digital platforms as the subject of analysis, while remaining aware of the multifaceted nature of social security. In this paper, she defends the thesis that the so-called “flexibility of employment relations” should be subject to the broader impact of social security regulations in situations where there are no normative obstacles to them being extended.

Enhancing the Responsibilities of Data Controllers in Vietnam: Insights from the European General Data Protection Regulation

 
 This article explores the evolving landscape of data protection law in Vietnam, focusing specifically on the responsibilities of data controllers under Vietnam's new Personal Data Protection Decree (Decree No. 13/2023/ND-CP - hereinafter referred to as Decree 13) and compares it with the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The main objective is to assess how the provisions regarding data controllers’ responsibilities under Decree 13 align with international data protection standards, identifying its progress and challenges. The analysis uncovers both convergence and divergence points between the related provisions under Decree 13 and the GDPR, particularly in terms of clarity, scope, and enforcement mechanisms. A significant challenge identified is the ambiguity in Decree 13’s provisions on data controllers’ responsibilities and the absence of several essential elements, which could undermine the effectiveness of Vietnam's data protection framework. To address these issues, the article offers strategic recommendations for legislative improvements and practical adjustments for data controllers in Vietnam. In conclusion, while navigating the path to a comprehensive data protection framework poses challenges for Vietnam, this journey offers an opportunity to align with regional and global developments in data protection laws. By learning from the GDPR and adapting to its specific features, Vietnam can develop a robust, effective, and trustworthy data protection environment, safeguarding its citizens' privacy rights and facilitating a favorable international business climate.

노인맞춤돌봄서비스 현장에서 ICT 활용과 사회복지 종사자의 전문가 윤리 기반 실천경험 연구

The use of science and technology and ethical considerations have recently been applied to the field of social welfare, and professional ethics for social welfare workers is emerging as a major task. In order to actively reflect these changes of the times, the ‘Korean Code of Ethics for Social Workers’ was revised in 2023 to strengthen the scientific and technological ethical standards of social workers. This study explored the meaning and limitations of social worker professional ethics for dedicated social workers who provide ICT services, focusing on customized care services for the elderly. In addition, directions for the use of science and technology and the professional development of social workers were proposed. To conduct this research In-depth interviews were conducted with five social workers working in customized care services for the elderly and analyzed using a qualitative case study method. As a result of the study, it was analyzed that 1) “Recognition of the need for training related to the use of ICT care devices and insufficient ethics education system”, 2) “Ethical issues that prevent workers from developing expertise and expanding services related to the use of ICT”, 3) “Ethical issues due to the structure of ICT safety support services that require sacrifices of workers”, 4) “Ethical issues due to personal information protection infringement and absence of alternative services that occur when responding to safety support”, 5) “Providing ICT devices with low technological acceptability to clients It was analyzed as an “ethical problem that arises from its use.”Based on the results of this study, policy and practical approaches and alternatives were presented to improve social welfare expertise related to the use of science and technology.

Using 3D design technology and a combination of carbon fiber and 16% HGM epoxy resin, female troops are wearing bulletproof vests

Women are becoming more active in the defense industry. Since the morphology of the female body differs from that of the male during military activities, it is required to modify personal protection equipment to accommodate the female body shape. According to a literature review, a survey of a sample of female soldiers from different nations revealed that they felt the impacts of breast soreness when running, as well as a sense of "distorted breasts" and breathing difficulties. The woman's petite frame and the bulky, hefty bulletproof jacket both draw criticism for their respective dimensions. Using 3D design technology, a female mannequin with a 95B breast size was scanned in order to create a bullet-proof vest that is tailored to the contour of a woman's body. Changes in the breast's contour, which affect changes in the surface point parameters, result in adaptive breasts. Utilizing a combination of carbon fiber and 16% HGM epoxy, bullet-proof vests can be modified to provide lightweight dimensions and have the benefit of good ballistic resistance. This results in a material that is 20 mm for thick, 1,348 kg in weight, and capable of absorbing 348.27 Joules of energy from bullets. The results of this research are not optimal, so developments are needed in further research.

AI기반 보안산업의 육성과제

Recently, the government's interest in industries utilizing AI has been amplified, with initiatives such as announcing a roadmap aiming to achieve the goal of becoming the world's fifth largest information security industry by 2027, with a market size of 30 trillion won, driven by digitalization and expansion in the security domain. AI represents a paradigm shift demanding innovation across nations, societies, and industries, necessitating proactive preparation and response. In the security sector, the paradigm is shifting from traditional human security to integrated security, convergence security, and AI security. To establish a foothold in the global security market, it is imperative to apply new security systems tailored to the Fourth Industrial Revolution through technological innovation, foster convergence security and physical security industries. Therefore, this study aims to propose the nurturing and development direction of the security industry based on AI, which is the core technology of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, as society evolves into a hyper-intelligent, hyper-connected, and hyper-convergent society. To foster the AI-based security industry, the application and operation of AI-based security systems need to be expanded across the entire security business. These include applying AI virtual security guards, AI-based security robots, AI-based drones, AI-based intelligent video monitoring in security rooms, AI-based autonomous driving technology and smart parking solutions, AI-based security systems in personal protection tasks, AI-based on-site crowd management systems, AI-based IoT integrated security systems, and operation of AI-based machine security systems that can be applied to the six security tasks regulated by security laws and regulations. From a policy perspective, policy support for creating new jobs and ensuring stable employment in AI security-related fields should follow. At the national level, there should be policies to nurture and support the AI-based security industry, along with efforts to address ethical issues related to AI. Furthermore, new education programs related to the Fourth Industrial Revolution and AI need to be introduced according to security laws and regulations. From a technological and academic perspective, it is necessary to enhance the professionalism of security companies to actively respond to the Fourth Industrial Revolution, and continuous development of AI-related security technologies is essential. Academic research should continue, focusing on in-depth research and development of AI security applications in various security sectors.

РАЗРАБОТКА АЛГОРИТМА ОЦЕНКИ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ МЕР И СРЕДСТВ ЗАЩИТЫ ПЕРСОНАЛЬНЫХ ДАННЫХ В СФЕРЕ ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИЯ

The features of existing directions and methods for assessing the effectiveness of information protection measures in medical institutions are considered. A comprehensive analysis of objects and identifying threats to the security of personal data is carried out. The authors identify key stages of the object research, consisting of determining the cost of information resources, identifying the most relevant threats, and calculating the damage from their application. The analysis of the possibility of implementing and eliminating threats is performed; a classification of the most critical threat groups is built. The main scientific result of the performed research states that this algorithm application is possible both for scientific purposes and for forming effective personal data protection systems in various organizations. Based on this, this study will lead to increasing the level of the effectiveness assessment for the protection measures of confidential information in medical organizations.

CARCINOGENIC EFFECT OF VARIOUS TYPES OF SMOKE

All types of smoke are carcinogenic. Increasing air smoke is a serious global problem. Knowledge on carcinogenic effects of various types of smoke is necessary to work out effective preventive measures.
 The purpose of the review is to characterize the general characteristics and peculiarities of the carcinogenic effects of various types of smoke. The most significant carcinogens of all types of smoke are polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, heavy metals and carbon microparticles. Any smoke is an etiological factor for respiratory tract cancer, and systemic neoplasms (tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues, central and peripheral nervous systems, soft tissues and skeleton). Tobacco smoke may be involved in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer due to the induction of local immunosuppression and specific tropic nitrosamines. Exhaust fumes due to high benzene content may cause hematological malignancies, especially leukemia in children. Wildfire smoke, due to significant amounts of ultra-fine carbon particles PM0.1, contributes to the development of central nervous system tumors. Severe contamination with natural and artificial radionuclides makes wildfire smoke a factor of high carcinogenic danger for the human population globally. Prevention of malignant neoplasms caused by smoke requires government measures to promote smoking cessation, hybrid and electric engines in automobiles, as well as wildfire prevention, early detection and extinction. Effective respirators and indoor air filters should be used for personal protection. To relieve environmentally caused oxidative stress, herbal medicines and food products that stimulate autophagy, as well as transfer factors for immunodeficiency correction, are recommended.

An Overview of AI Data Protection in the Context of Saudi Arabia

The Personal Data Protection Law in Saudi Arabia aims to protect individuals’ data and regulate businesses that collect, retain, analyze, process, and share it across borders around the globe. Artificial intelligence and data protection are interconnected concepts since AI uses data sets to make decisions and perform activities. However, ethical questions about personal data use and potential bias in AI persist in the present AI environment. Therefore, while AI has led to digital transformation in sectors like transportation, healthcare, and finance, the technology has privacy implications that limit its usage by many organizations. In the country’s journey to reduce its oil dependency and become modernized, it is significant for Saudi Arabia to have a sufficient set of regulations and laws to deal with AI-related legal challenges. In this regard, the authorities have initiated programs to streamline the KSA’s data protection laws with European AI regulations and data safety laws after recognizing the need to preserve data sets. This paper examines the present laws and legal regulatory framework for AI and data protection in Saudi Arabia and the legal challenges to protecting data in AI. The paper also discusses legal issues related to AI data protection and the barriers that restrict data protection law reform in light of the available literature on AI data protection. After examining the present data protection measures in the KSA, the paper gives recommendations for improving the overall AI data protection laws and regulations in the kingdom.

Research on the legal framework of personal information privacy protection in automated administrative environment: centered on data security and rights balance

In the digital age, with the increasing importance of personal information, especially in the field of automated administration, the protection of personal information is particularly urgent. Ensuring the security of personal information in automated administration not only helps to safeguard the realization of individual dignity rights and meet the inherent requirements of the principle of proportionality, but also regulates the use of algorithms to avoid discrimination. However, although the legislation on the protection of personal information in automated administration has made some progress, there are still some shortcomings: the legislation is not directly specified, the law is not operable, the supervision and management mechanism is not perfect; There are also problems at the law enforcement level: improper use of immunity in administrative procedures, excessive expansion of the scope of personal information processing; In the relief aspect, there are also challenges: the provisions of administrative public interest litigation are vague, and there are loopholes in the way of liability. In order to improve the protection mechanism of personal information in automated administration, it is necessary to expand the direct regulation of automated administration in legislation, enhance the operability of laws, and improve the supervision and management mechanism of personal information. At the same time, it is also necessary to amend the administrative due process and strictly implement the principle of least necessity at the level of law enforcement. In terms of relief, the applicable rules of administrative public interest litigation should be clarified, and more targeted ways of assigning blame should be established.